Free Process Essays - How to Travel with a Small Child :: Expository Process Essays

How to Travel with a Small Child When you travel with a small child, a properly jammed diaper radical is the key element to a successful journey. The necessities of young children are many, and a pre-prepared satchel containing all of the required paraphernalia is of fundamental importance. When the diaper bag is not well stocked, the minutes before divergence the house are spent snatching diapers, seizing bottles and formula, searching for pacifiers and scouring the playroom for favorite toys in a haphazard attempt to collect all of the essentials. Certain fundamental apparatus must be contained in the diaper bag at all times. First, and by chance the most obvious, are the diapers. Unfortunately, more than once, I have found myself locked in a bathroom stall at Kmart with three size 2 diapers and a wet and cranky baby who wears size 4. Since it is impossible to tape two of the size 2 diapers together to make a size 4 (I did let on some math in high school), it is essential to update the stash of diapers that remain in the diaper bag. Secondly, the various diaper changing accessories (zinc oxide cream, baby wipes, ironic washcloths and changing pad) need to be inspected regularly to ensure their quality and quantity. Again, I speak from miserable experience. Once, my inventory of baby wipes unexpectedly dried out leaving me with a pile of crunchy paper cloths. Another time, I found the zinc oxide tube empty and spent the subsequent three days nursing an undoubtedly painful diaper rash. Yet a third memorable time, I discovered that I was sans changing pad, and ended up changing my son on a plastic grocery bag. Food is a third commodity that must be carried at all times. Because my son is still an infant, he is notwithstanding able to eat baby food and to drink baby formula. Because this special food cannot be purchased at a fast food establishment, I must keep my supply current. The formula powder must be refrigerated after it is mixed with water, so I must carry two bottles. cardinal of the bottles contains water and the other contains the formula powder. I must also remember to pack nipples for the bottle, washcloths to clean up after the meals, jars of food, spoons, and bowls. Into the diaper bag they go. Finally, and of the utmost importance, a diaper bag must contain toys.

The Book Of Sand Essay examples -- essays research papers

Jorge Luis Borges is a famous Spanish author, known best for his short stories. In this paper, I testament discuss some(prenominal) short stories written by Mr. Borges, what influenced him in his writings, and a brief history of his place of origin, Argentina.Borges The Book of Sand is the story of a man who is visited by a stranger trying to sell a "holy book" called the Book of Sand. The narrator looks at the book and is unable to see the first or come through pages of it because, as the stranger explains, the number of pages is infinite. The narrator is fascinated by the book and buys it, only to become obsessed with it, until the point that it is all he thinks about. He lastly gets rid of it by mixing it up in a pile of many other books in his basement.As will be discussed in this paper, Borges wrote philosophy in a lot of his works. In The Book of Sand, infinity is depicted in the form of a mysterious book. It symbolizes mans constant search for the worlds existence . Borges is saying that it is an undated search and therefore pointless.The Other is the story of Borges sitting on a bench, as he feels as though he had lived that moment already. He begins to peach to the man seated besides him, and finds out the stranger has the same name, and the same address as he does. When Borges asks the man what year it is, the man answers 1918, even though it is 1969. It is then that the narrator figures out he is tal female monarch to the person whom he was fifty-one years earlier. He then tells "the other" him of the future, after which they part, knowing they will never meet like this again.This story deals with time. The author is very nostalgic and lives for his memories. It also is a philosophical story where Borges expresses his doubt that we all may " however be an image of a greater being". The Mirror and the Mask is the story of an Irish king who tells a poet to write a poem describing his power. The poet wrote a praise of his f ighting success, and in reward for the excellent poem, the king gives the poet a beautiful mirror and tells him to write another poem. In reward for his next work, the king gives the poet a mask. The king then asks for a third poem and receives a one line poem of perfection and in return gives him an elaborate dagger. The poet feels it to be a sin to hear such perfection and so he stabs himself with the dagger. The king ... ...s for his interest in eternity and his desire for control of time. He admits in his poems that time moves on, the world changes, that he will grow old, and that the past is gone forever. He says that one can only rely on their memories (as he expresses in The Other).In his fifties, Borges becomes blind, but continues to lecture in colleges and conferences around the world. During his lifetime, Borges was nominated several times for the Noble Prize in Literature. He wrote alot of short stories, literary reviews (based on books that never existed), poems and mo re. Although he passed away on June 14, 1986, his writings live on to be shared with all generations. When Borges was born, Hipolito Yrigoyen headed the Radical Civic Union. General Roca was president at that time and he defended the middle class (which was what Borges was). Argentina had alot of trade with Britain and helped the economy to flourish. The people became more educated. As you can see, Borges greatest influences were his childhood, familial background, and people he met while starting to write. Borges writings are enjoyable and thought provoking. I definitely recommend it to people interested in philosophy.

Rev. Richard Johnson :: essays research papers

Reverend Ric tight JohnsonIn a land intended to be dumping grounds for Britains moral filth, Reverend Richard Johnson worked hard at laying the foundations of Christianity in Australia. Born in 1757 at Welton, England, he was educated at Magdalen College, Cambridge. He graduated with a BA in 1783, and was ordained a deacon and priest by the Archbishop of Canterbury in 1786. Only five months before the First Fleet set sail, Richard Johnson was recommended and approved for the position of Chaplin, to establish the church of England in Australia.Governor Phillip saw Johnsons job as a "moral policeman" to the convicts, but the chaplain viewed his position as a door of luck to preach the Gospel to the "dregs of humanity." His work began even before the ship landed, and his moral nature displayed. Johnson found the ships company very disrespectful and profane and targeted this in his teaching. On the following Sunday it was noted that for days afterwards their behaviour had improved.On Sunday the 3rd of February 1788, Johnson preached his first sermon to a crowd of some(prenominal) soldiers and convicts. Being a result of the Evangelical revival in England, Johnson laboured for their salvation and tried to encourage goodness in them. He requested the benefactor of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, who provided him with 4200 books in total for the new colony, including Bibles, Testaments, Prayer Books, Catechisms, Psalters, and religious booklets against common sins. His job was not an easy one as he was meant to conceptualise out many duties placed upon him by the Governor as well as the mission of his own. Johnsons duties included officiating at hangings and acting as magistrate when needed. In the first five years, he conducted 226 baptisms, 220 marriages and 851 funerals. One of Johnsons obstacles was the lack of support he received. He and his wife, Mary, lived in a cabbage palm hutch for the first three years while the Governo r had two mansions. Many times his family was short of food and in addition to his regular duties he worked on his farm to provide for his family. Richard Johnson was a compassionate man who even took an Aboriginal girl, who had contracted smallpox, into his home for several months. This trait made Australia appear as a destination unsuitable for him, but at the same time, he was the best man for the job.

Sophocles :: essays research papers

The Way of Greek Play WrightsThe Greek Play Wright, Sophocles, wrote both the Antigone and Oedipus the poof. Sophocles wrote Antigone nigh 441 B.C. and followed with the writings of Oedipus the King around 425 B.C. In Antigone King Creon decides that Polynices the traitor is to be buried, but his sister Antigone dislikes the order. She is caught, and sentenced by Creon to be buried alive-even though she is betrothed to his boy Haemon. After the blind prophet Tiresias proves that the gods are on Antigones side, Creon changes his mind but too late. He goes first to bury Polynices, but Antigone had already hanged herself. When Creon arrives at the tomb, Haemon attacks him and then kills himself. When the news of their death is reported, Creons wife Eurydice takes her own life. Creon is left all alone at the end of the play. In Oedipus the King it was said that the major power and queen of Thebes would give birth to a child who would grow up to kill his father and marry his mother. His parents feared this, so they nailed their sons feet together and left him stranded on a mountainside. He was founded by a wondering shepherd and taken to the town of Corinth. He was then adopted and raised as the prince in the royal household. After he grew older he heard about the prophecy. He left Corinth to wander around Greece. Along the way he met a group of travelers, killed an old man, his real father. Later he arrived in Thebes and met the Sphinx, a monster who guarded the gates of the city. He answered the riddle correctly and was named King of Thebes. He was then married to a woman named Jocasta, his real mother.Why did men play the role of women in early Greek playwrights? Once a woman was married her husband had complete control of her. He controlled all property that she may have inherited. She had no rights to wander about the town, without a qualified reason. Any respectable women would not be seen in public. They contained no political rights and were run by me n at every stage of their lives. Since men fatigued so much time away, women dominated Greek households. The wife was in charge of raising the children and making the clothes for the family. The only appropriate time for a woman to leave her house was to visit a female neighbor.

Great Romantic Expectations :: Great Expectations Essays

In Great Expectations Pip is devastated to find out that the convict he helped years ago on the marshes is the benefactor of his wealth in life. His distress is exemplified by the fact that he deserted his loyal friend Joe for the life that the convict Magwitch has given him. His greatest grief, however, came from the fact that he believed he could never win the love of Estella, learning that she had married Bentley Drummel. Pip remained in a depression over his situation until he discovered the truth of Estellas parentage. The strange coincidence of these findings cause Pip to change his attitude toward his further expectation and resume his belief that he still might have a chance with Estella. Clearly the story is well underway before any indication is made to the truth slightly Estella being an adopted child of leave off Havisham. After this is established through the revelation of Herbert telling Pip this story, Pip step by step starts to pick up clues of his own from differe nt sources. He notices the similarities of molly, Jaggers housekeeper, and questions Wemmick about her resemblance to Estella. Then Pip continues his pursuit by questioning Miss Havisham about Estellas background. Disclosures by Magwitch start to mesh the story together in Pips mind as he puts his entire finding together in a neat little package. That package is the picture of the straightforward parents of Estella. Most interesting as the clues unfold are the connections between Estella, Magwitch, and Miss Havisham to the lawyer Mr. Jaggers. For each one of them he has provided a service or has been in their employ. In addition to their connection to Jaggers they were all committed to the convict Compeyson through his victimization of them each in a different way. Pip sees all of these connections gradually through his pursuit of the facts. Through his endeavors he is strangely affected by the true realization of the truth of Estellas parents. Pip continues to question and obse rve the actions of those connected to his query to corroborate his guesses. He does not truly understand his intent on proving the identity of Estellas parents. Just before Pip comes to the conclusion that Molly may be the mother of Estella his depression is spoken of by referral his mood to stop reading newspapers since he heard the news of Estella marrying Drummle. Then Pip looks at Molly and decides that she is the woman who surely gave birth to Estella.

Great Romantic Expectations :: Great Expectations Essays

In Great Expectations maculation is devastated to find out that the convict he helped years ago on the marshes is the benefactor of his riches in life. His distress is exemplified by the fact that he deserted his loyal friend Joe for the life that the convict Magwitch has given him. His greatest grief, however, came from the fact that he believed he could never win the love of Estella, learning that she had married Bentley Drummel. Pip remained in a depression over his situation until he discovered the lawfulness of Estellas parentage. The strange coincidence of these findings cause Pip to change his attitude toward his further expectation and resume his belief that he still might clear a chance with Estella. Clearly the story is well underway before any indication is made to the truth about Estella being an adopted pip-squeak of Miss Havisham. After this is established through the revelation of Herbert telling Pip this story, Pip gradu everyy starts to pick up clues of his own from different sources. He notices the similarities of Molly, Jaggers housekeeper, and questions Wemmick about her resemblance to Estella. Then Pip continues his pursuit by questioning Miss Havisham about Estellas background. Disclosures by Magwitch start to mesh the story unneurotic in Pips mind as he puts his entire finding together in a neat little package. That package is the work out of the true parents of Estella. Most interesting as the clues unfold are the connections between Estella, Magwitch, and Miss Havisham to the lawyer Mr. Jaggers. For each one of them he has provided a service or has been in their employ. In addition to their connection to Jaggers they were all connected to the convict Compeyson through his victimization of them each in a different way. Pip sees all of these connections gradually through his pursuit of the facts. Through his endeavors he is strangely affected by the true realization of the truth of Estellas parents. Pip continues to question and find oneself the actions of those connected to his query to corroborate his guesses. He does not truly understand his intent on proving the identity of Estellas parents. Just before Pip comes to the determination that Molly may be the mother of Estella his depression is spoken of by referral his mood to stop reading newspapers since he heard the news of Estella marrying Drummle. Then Pip looks at Molly and decides that she is the woman who surely gave birth to Estella.

To what extent is the American Constitution an elitist document?

To what extent is the Ameri cigarette musical composition an elitist record? Why thus did the framers provide for public participation in the policy-making process? The best way to approach this assignment is to split it into two and answer first to what extent do I feel the Ameri nominate shaping an elitist document. When this has been answered and so it will be possible to move on to try to understand why the framers of the constitution provided for public participation in the governmental process.I should begin by saying that I think the theme is a really elitist document, that before I elaborate on that opinion I feel that it is necessary to firstly define what an elite is, and in any case to provide a bit of background information on the composition. An elite is defined by Websters vocabulary as the best of a class the soci altogethery superior part of society or a group of persons who by virtue of position or education exercise power or influence.When we talk ab co me forward elites though we shake to bear in mind that they prize order and perceptual constancy higher up all else, and if they can preserve the status quo they will, however this is diverting from the main question. It is perhaps the last part of the definition that is most relevant when we come to the American Constitution, and ask ourselves to what extent it is an elitist document. Before I come to that though I feel that it is necessary to explain how the Constitution of the United States of America came into being.Without going as tumefy far back into history, the thirteen North American colonies had rebelled against the British government after coming to hold King George III and his colonial governors as tyrants, and in like manner there were disputes over taxes that had to paid both to the colonial legislatures and the British government. These tensions r to each oneed a climax in 1775 and the American War of Independence broke out. This war lasted until 1783, when the British granted independence to each of the thirteen colonies. from each one of the thirteen states were now independent and bound together under a loose keepment called the Articles of union (AOC). The Articles of Confederation provided for a unicameral legislature with each state being allotted representatives based upon their total population, but each state had only 1 vote in the legislature. There were many flaws in this arrangement like the situation that there was no decision maker body the fact that nine states had to agree to pass legislation and crucially the AOC could not legislate in the following areas The national government could not levy taxes, only request funds from the states. This resulted in the national government going into debt almost immediately.* The national government could not regulate commerce and each state had set up tariffs against the other. The result was a building economic recession. * The national government did not prolong exclusive bid over the money supply. Each state and the national government had its take money supply. In the face of these crises, the elites (for want of a better word), of the thirteen states decided unilaterally to revise the AOC, and so the Constitution of 1787 was born.It is now time to go through to what extent the Constitution is an elitist document. We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish thoice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the communal defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. 1 Superficially at least the Constitution can be said to be a very elitist document by virtue of the way in which it came into being.It was written by fifty-five men out of a population of approximately four million. If we consider that the framing of the Constitution to be the truly beginning of the USA, which w as in theory supposed to be a democracy, then we have to see the Constitution to be an elitist document because of the way in which the Founding Fathers (a tiny fraction of the population) decided to scrap the AOC and come up with an alternative behind closed doors, without the majority of the population knowing what was going on.Another superficial argument can be made based upon the fact that the delegates who signed the Constitution were as Thomas Jefferson put it an assembly of demigods. According to Dye and Zeigler the men at the convention belonged to the nations intellectual and economic elites2. Therefore the Constitution was always going to be biased towards elites because even though the majority of the population were small free retention farmers their views were not taken into account at the Convention for the uncomplicated reason that none of the delegates really came from that section of the nation.As I have said both these reasons are superficial, but if we get into the detail of the constitution then we can see that it is a very elitist document in several key areas. The first is economic elitism. The Constitution gave Congress power to lay and compose taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the United States but all duties, imposts and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States3. This is all well and good, but when taken with the fact that according to Article 1 partitioning 2 Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be include within this Union, according to their respective numbers4 taxation and representation based upon population. This plasteredt in essence that a rich man paid on the nose the same amount of tax as a poor man regardless of his wealth, and if we consider that the men at the convention were all very commodious if not extremely rich, then whatever their intentions were the constitution coul d only benefit them and those like them.The Constitution also gave Congress the power to regulate commerce between the states. This regulation in concert with the provision that No tax or duty shall be paid on articles exported from any state5 created a huge free trade area were none had existed before, and of course this would be very beneficial to those American merchants including many of the framers of the Constitution- that traded across the USA.Again we can see just how elitist the Constitution is because it benefits big business even though the majority of the population were small freeholders and small merchants that benefited from a certain degree of protectionism. Economic elitism can also be seen in the parts of the constitution that give Congress powers over the regulation and value of money, bankruptcy laws, weights and measures, and so forth. These powers would enhance financial stability in the nation and this move could only benefit the more economically orientated members of the Constitutional Convention.There is also evidence of military elitism within the Constitution. Section 8 of Article 1 provides for the creation of an army and navy. Naturally a nation needs an army and navy, but this act has to be seen in the setting of just what the American elites gained from it. The Constitution concentrated the military might of the USA under the Commander in Chief aka the President. The President also had the power, with the advice of the senate, to make treaties and to file and receive ambassadors.We have seen that the Founding Fathers wished to create a strong centralised government and this concentration of military and diplomatic might gave them the ability to do just that, with the added benefit of giving them the means to put down any revolution that might occur. Therefore in this sense it can be shown that the Constitution is an elitist document since it enshrined the desires of the Founding Fathers for stability and freedom from revoluti on, and since the President who commanded all this great power would invariably be a member of the elites himself, their position within society could and would be safeguarded.Other instances of elitism within the Constitution are the sections that deal with slavery No person held to service or labour in one state, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labour, but shall be delivered up on hold of the party to whom such service or labour may be due6. As can be seen this section allows the continuation of the slave holding elites within American society, at a time when the idea of all men being equal was being bandied about. From the above we can see that the Constitution of the USA is elitist, then we have to ask the question that why, if the document is elitist, did the framers provide for public participation in the electoral process.Firstly, if we accept that the framers of the Con stitution were the nations elites, then we have to remember that above all else elites desire order and stability. Therefore at a very basic level the answer to the question would be that as elites (by their very definition) make up a tiny percentage of the populaton then it would be in their best interests to provide for public participation in the political process because of the possibility that the masses could rise up against them, as they themselves had rebelled against the British.But if we look at the question in detail we can see that the real reason that the framers provided for public participation in the political process was that the publics participation was extremely limited in scale. Examples of this would be the way in which the framers adopted the creation of the separation of powers and the system of checks and balances whereby legislative powers were vested in a Congress and Senate executive powers in a President and judicial powers in a Supreme Court.Each of th ese institutions were take by different constituencies (or in the case of the Supreme Court appointed by the President), and each served different lengths of terms. This prevented the complete renewal of government at a stroke and created continuity within the national government, but regardless of any benefits that this system might have, the fact cannot be avoided that if the people wish to have a change of government, or make their feelings known at all, then they must wait years for it, which is hardly a fair system.The system of checks and balances also diminishes the publics participation in the political process, because, for example, the people elect a President who is radical and wishes to change the status quo, then he can issue executive orders, but Congress can override those orders, and if the president wishes to execute laws he has to rely on executive departments created by Congress. The best justification for this system comes from any James Madison or Alexander Ha milton when they wrote Ambition must be made to counteract ambition. The interest of the man must be connected with the constituent(a) rights of the place. It may be a reflection on human nature, that such devices should be necessary to control the abuses of government. But what is government itself, but the greatest of all reflections on human nature? If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary.In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this you must first change the government to control the governed and in the next place oblige it to control itself. A dependence on the people is, no doubt, the primary control on the government but experience has taught mankind the necessity of auxiliary precautions. 7 Judicial Review is another key aspect of the system of checks and balances. This is basically an idea that arose f rom the Marbury v.Madison exemplar of 1803, whereby the Chief Justice argued that the Supreme Court had the power not only to invalidate laws passed by the lower courts, but also to invalidate laws passed by the elected Congress. From this we can see just how limited the public participation in the political process was because the Congress elected by the people was able to be overruled by the appointed Supreme Court. However the greatest example of how limited the publics participation was in the political process, was the way in which the elections were conducted.By this I mean specifically the elitist way in which the smaller states did not have the same degree of representation, and thus power of the larger states, for example Rhode Island had one representative in Congress, while Virginia had ten. And even this pales in comparison with the Electoral College. Essentially when the people vote in a presidential election they vote for delegates to the Electoral College who then ch oose the president from the candidates.What is wrong with this system is when you take into consideration that each state sends delegates to the Electoral College on a basis of population and in each state the candidate with the most votes takes all the electoral votes (even if they win by only 1%) then those who did not vote for the candidate are efficaciously throwing their votes away. This system is further complicated by the fact that in the beginning the Electoral College was envisaged as a way for the elites to ensure that their preferred candidate got the job, and to enable them to correct any misjudgements the public might have made on polling day.In conclusion therefore it can be seen that the American Constitution is a very elitist document, by virtue of the way in which it was conceived the men who wrote it the economic elitism imbedded in the document and of course the military elitism. Secondly the question as to why the framers of the Constitution provided for public participation is an easy one they provided for public participation because they had diluted it so much, and built in so many checks and balances that they did not have to touch on about threats to stability and order, which were after all the greatest concerns of elites.

Politically Correct Language Essay

Politically correct language is language that avoids offending or ostracizing particular groups of people the word homosexual is the politically correct version of the word faggot. man politically correct language prevents contrast, and improves individuals and communities, it also has limitations. sometimes it toilette disrupt the meaning and impact of the message we are trying to portray. Beca pulmonary tuberculosis of this, it is important to regulate an extent of political appropriateness that still enables freedom of speech.While people can define us by the language we use, the language we use also defines us. Being politically correct can make us better people. The way the receiver of our message construes our message determines whether it is politically correct. What is considered politically correct varies from person to person while one Asian might find the term chink humorous, another might find it degrading. As a result, beingness politically correct requires assess ing how the receiver of our message differs from ourselves, and how we can remain discerning despite these differences. This forces us to accept that people have varying beliefs sometime sit even forces us to refine our own.Similarly, while we can define a community by the language the people within that community use, the language the people within a community use defines the relationships within that community. Being politically correct can improve the community we live in by creating an atmosphere where everyone is comfortable with sharing their ideas, without feeling restrained by the fear of being penalized for thinking differently. This enables us to productively debate diverse viewpoints, and broaden our own. It ensures that the future generation will learn how to be tolerant from a very new-fangled age, which is essential for the development of society.While being politically correct seems ideal, it also has limitations. Take the news. People trust the news to objectively impart what is happening in the world. One might debate that this gives them the responsibility to be politically correct, lest they create conflict or further segregate the world. However, being politically correct can disrupt the meaning of their message. The term undocumented immigrants could give people the impression that it is a slight mishap that the country forgot to document these immigrants, or that these immigrants were unaware that they had to be documented. On the other hand, the term illegal aliens makes it clear that these individuals are doing something illicit. It pressures them to do, and gives them no excuse not to do, what is right get a citizenship, or leave.Being politically correct can also alleviate the impact of the news. If a baby molester is on the loose, it is the responsibility of the news to warn society about it. Stating that a child has been molested and terminated instead of raped and beaten to death lessens the urgency parents will feel to be wary of their childs whereabouts. While the latter is politically incorrect it creates disturbingly vivid imagery it is more effective in keeping the citizens safe.Nevertheless, the news should refrain from unnecessarily using politically incorrect language. They should use the world black instead of nigger because they are so interchangeable. If possible, the news reporter shouldnt even label the people he is reporting about. This would cloak any irrelevant prejudices (which might inadvertently skew a viewers understanding,) that the reporter may have. It would also prevent the creation of unnecessary conflict and further segregation of the world.In conclusion, politically correct language language that avoids offending or ostracizing particular groups of people can improve individuals and communities. More importantly, it prevents the scene of prejudices that separate the world. On the other hand, political correctness also has limitations it can disrupt the meaning and impact o f our message. Because of this, it is important to find an extent of political correctness that does not disrupt the meaning or impact of our messages. Otherwise, we would no longer have freedom of speech, which is imperative to the progression of society.

First Day of School

First daytime of school When I woke up that morning I thought my life was going to end. The summer was everywhere and it was the first day of school. I didnt go to sleep the night before because I had a lot on my mind, that I had to get my pall self up and get ready. I laid my clothes out the night before and I had out a ball up necklace some cross earrings a blue shirt and some khaki shorts. So later on I got dressed and got in the car I begged and pleaded with my mama not to chance on me go. But I still came, when I first got to school I was terrified I didnt know anybody and I was new.Not a good combination but I had to get out of the car so I did and I was lost for a while but I found my class shortly. I walked in to a room full of community and it was hot and dark the only light was from the colorful lamps and the computers,there were computers everywhere. I was the tallest one in the class same(p) I always am I matte up like people were have wordsing about me I was s cared and didnt want to be there at all I wanted to call my mom and tell her that is was not going to work to come get me immediately. Before I got around to that the toll rung and it was time for class to start.So I sat down and in the comer where my seat was and just cried for almost the entire class. I didnt want to be there I felt like no body else wanted me to be there either. I had just went through a lot and I broke my wrist the week before so my heart and my and my mind was just not there. I couldnt stop crying I was depressed and nonsocial ,but class was about to end so I had to dry my tears up and keep it moving because I knew the day was almost over. I felt my day couldnt get any worse and it didnt. This time I ended up in a very bright room and all the people seemed really happy.It was bibles under the desks and posters talking about Jesus and encouragement all over the room. This lifted my sprit and I wasnt so sad anymore and people started to talk to me and wanted to know about who I was and they wanted to become my friend. At first I was very reluctant to talk but I became well-fixed and I made new friends. I was happy about this I had some good news to go home and tell my mom. But after getting to know my new friends I had to leave them and go to my last class of the day but I was happy that it was my last class.I walked in and it was mathematics class. I hate math was never good at it but I was Im there and I dreaded it but I found another(prenominal) new friend that became my best friend her name was sam and we clicked instantly we were both new and we didnt know any body. That made me the happiest of all I wasnt only if anymore there was someone just like me. So that made math not so bad. I got through it and it was time to go home. My day started out bad but it ended ok and I wanted to come back the next day because I knew it would only get better.

Castor & Pollux

Castor and Pollux Nationality/Culture Roman Castor and Polydeuces (Greek), the Dioscuri, the Tyndaridae Appears In Homers Iliad, Hyginuss Fabulae Lineage Sons of Zeus and Leda Character Overview In Greek and Roman mythology, Castor and Pollux (known as Polydeuces to the Greeks) were equalise brothers who appeared in several(prenominal) prominent myths. The twins were worshipped as gods who helped shipwrecked sailors and who brought favorable winds for those who made sacrifices to them. The Romans considered Castor and Pollux the gods who watched over horses and the Roman horsemen known as equites (pronounced EK-wi-teez).There are some stories about the twins and numerous versions of those stories. According to the Greek poet Homer, Castor and Pollux were the sons of Tyndareus (pronounced tin-DAlR-ee-uhs) and Leda, the king and queen of Sparta. For this reason, they are sometimes called the Tyndaridae (sons of Tyndareus). Another account identifies the twins as the sons of Leda and Zeus, from whom they received the name Dioscuri (sons of Zeus). Still another legend says that Castor was the son of Leda and Tyndareusand therefore a humanwhile Pollux was the son of Zeusand therefore a god.This difference became significant later in their wears. All tales about the twins agree in portraying Castor as a skilled horse trainer and Pollux as an expert boxer. Inseparable, the brothers always acted together. In one of the earliest myths about the twins, Castor and Pollux rescued their sister Helen after she had been kidnapped by Theseus (pronounced THEE-see-uhs), king of Attica. Helen would later make fame as the queen whose abduction by Paris, a Trojan prince, launched the Trojan War. The twins also accompany Jason and the Argonauts on their voyage in search of the Golden Fleece.During that expedition, Pollux show his boxing skills by killing the king of the Bebryces. When a storm arose during the voyage, the Argonaut Orpheus prayed to the gods and played his har p. The storm immediately ceased and stars appeared on the heads of the twins. It is because of this myth that Castor and Pollux came to be acknowledge as the shelterors of sailors. Another story concerns the death of Castor. According to one account, the twins wanted to marry their cousins Phoebe and Hilaria. The women, however, were already promised to two other cousins, Idas Page 212 sort out ofArticleand Lynceus. Castor and Pollux carried the women away to Sparta, pursued by their male cousins. In the fight that followed, the twins succeeded in killing both Idas and Lynceus, but Castor was fatally wounded. St. Elmos brush off is a natural phenomenon that occurs during certain stormy weather conditions. It appears as a glow on the top of tall pointed objects, such as the masts of ships, and is often accompanied by a cracking noise. When stars appeared on the heads of Castor and Pollux during the voyage ot the Argonauts, the twins became known as the protectors ot sailors.From hat time, sailors believed that St. Elmos fire was actually Castor and Pollux coming to protect them during a storm. In another version of this story, the four men conducted a cattle raid together. Idas and Lynceus then tried to cheat Castor and Pollux out of their contribution of the catde. The twins decided to discern the cattle themselves, but were caught as they started to sneak away. A fght broke out in which Castor, Idas, and Lynceus were all killed. This story also has several different endings. In one, Castors spirit went to Hades, the place of the dead, because he was a human.Pollux, who was a god, was so devastated at being separated from his brother that he offered to share his immortality (ability to live forever) with Castor, or to give it up so that he could Join his brother in Hades. Taking pity on his son Pollux, Zeus declared that the brothers would take turns dwelling in Hades and with the gods on Mount Olympus. On one day, Castor would be with the gods and Poll ux would be in Hades on the next, the two would swop places. In another ending, Castor remained in Hades, but Pollux was allowed to visit him every other day.Most versions of the myth say that Zeus placed the brothers in the heavens as part of the constellationgroup of stars known as Gemini. Today the two brightest stars in the constellation Gemini are named Castor and Pollux. Castor and Pollux in consideration The Romans developed a strong culta group that worships a specific god or gods above all others within a faitharound Castor following a military victory by the Romans over the Latins at Lake Regillus in 499 Page 213 Top of ArticleBCE. When the Roman infantry failed to living its ground in the battle, the dictator AulusPostumius decided to send in the cavalry (the horsemen of the military) to help. Castors association with horsemen prompted the dictator to make a vow to build a tabernacle to Castor in exchange for his Page 214 Top of Articlehelp, and the Romans were vict orious. The Romans completed the temple in 484 bce. Pollux Joined his brother in the cult much later, but neer had quite the same level of honor. The images of Castor and Pollux appear on many early Roman coins. The Romans celebrated the Theoxenia Festival each year on July 1 5th in their honor, with the Roman cavalry riding in a ceremonial parade.

Business HL: Burger King

Burger powers global expansion plays a key role in the business hopes in overtaking McDonalds prestigious position in the profitable fast-food world. Currently maintaining its spot as the second-largest global fast-food brand in the world, Burger Kings senior officials realize that they must effectively strategize their global marketing skills. As a global titan in the fast-food world, it is apparent that Burger Kings investment appraisal skills have paying(a) off. Through this report, I pull up stakes aim to answer the question Should Burger King open a dealership in Pakistan?The first fragment of my report leave behind be the research overlook. This will outline my entire report. I will include a rationale, theoretical framework, and methodology. These will briefly overview the basis of my report.The second portion of my report will include my research findings, my analysis, and my calculations. SWOT and PEST will be amongst the analytical besidesls that will be shown. My r esearch will be generally secondary but I will show a hint of primary findings. My conclusion will answer my question from a pecuniary and non-financial perspective.The mathematical values used in the Calculations and Main Results and Findings sections are estimates. The price obtained for the value of a 500 square meter plot in a commercialized area was given by Pakistani real estate companies. The annual bills flow is a forecast based on the sum of cash McDonalds generates annually in Pakistan and the average amount of cash a fast food restaurant generates per year.IntroductionBurger Kings plethora of notorious wakeless issues has end pointed in a loss of money and reputation. Although their appeal cuts have resulted in higher earnings, their revenues continue to fall along with their share prices. In order to vivify their reputation and higher their revenues, it is important for the brand to tackle international expansion opportunities, in particular in regions where t heir sphere of influence is low.When deciding whether to open an international enfranchisement, a digit of financial and non-financial aspects must be taken into account. The political state, consumer preferences, and cultural distinctions in Pakistan must be considered. On top of this, it is important to assess the positivity and desirability of the expansion (i.e. Investment appraisal). Burger King is not very prominent in the East and so building their prominence in sub-continental Asia will be a milestone in their global influence.This has therefore led me to research the following question Should Burger King open a franchise in Pakistan? search Question Should Burger open a franchise in Pakistan? Procedure/MethodMy research was fully gained through secondary resources. Online sources were used to provide querys with Burger King Officials, get financial statistics, and gather in kindation on Burger Kings marketing strategies. My information was collected from online database s that specialize in marketing and financial monitoring. I obtained my balance sheets from these databases also. I discovered an interview in QSR Magazine. This interview was also used in my research and findings. Possible problems I could face are the biased in the interview I found and the reliability of my numbers (credibility of my sources). The research I obtained was very useful. I am fortunate to have found a large number of sources to choose from. My non-financial data is fully based on my research. I did not face any problems during this report.If I could do this report again, I would explore more financial aspects of the issue being explored. This is because numerical research is more reliable than non-financial findings. Non-financial findings give room for bias. All in all, I feel like this was a successful report.AnalysisSWOT AnalysisThe estimated payback period is about six and a half years this relatively low payback period. This is because the franchise will be prof itable. The address of labor in Pakistan is low due to the minimum wage laws in the country. Furthermore, there is a high rate on unemployment. Although the unemployment rates are decreasing, the amount of working-aged citizens that are unemployed is still high. Weaknesses presented by this appraisal include expensive land, expensive food products, condition shortages, and political instability.The political state of Pakistan is extremely volatile, especially this year. Elections are being held this year and so tensions amongst opposing supporters is high. Atop this, constant riots and protests shake the stability of the nation. A political unrest could result in hooliganism and our destruction of property. The largely anti-American attitude in Pakistan is also a problem due to the fact that Burger King is an American fast-food chain. This problem can be potentially decreased however, with insurance and an extensive contingency plan. Moving on, the political state of Pakistan ha s resulted in a high price for fruits and vegetables. Vegetables are necessary in order for this business to strive.In addition to a high cost for vegetables, the cost of 500 square meters of land is also relatively high ($350,000). This is not too large of an issuehowever. This is because the land will be bought and not rented. Thus, the cost of the land was included in the calculations for the payback period, which turned out to be low. Lastly, big businessman shortages are abundant. Load shedding is very consistent. Thus, the cost of a generator must be taken into account. The threats presented by this investment have already been mentioned safety device, power shortages, and the year of elections). The opportunities presented by this investment are vast. First and foremost, this will be the first Burger King franchise in Pakistan.As mentioned in my introduction, Burger King, unlike its completion (McDonalds) lacks Asian franchises. The success of this franchise may lead to the commencing of more franchises around the region. The cheap labor makes it attractive and profitable. Furthermore, there will be a larger aver of consumers. Because Burger King has a very limited amount of franchises present in sub-continental Asia, its menu is not fit to satisfy Pakistanis. New customers and stark naked flavor preferences will likely result in the production of new food items. These may be popular on a global scale. In addition to new products, Burger King will strengthen its fan base.PEST AnalysisExternal political factors have already been mentioned in the previous sub-section (SWOT Analysis). Civil unrest is extremely unpredictable due to the unconnected state of the government and citizens. Unrest could potentially cause result in lasting, detrimental effects. Mediocre health and safety laws may also be an issue. optimum hygiene factors influence the performance of the business employees. Also, it is vital to have optimal hygiene in order to attract customer s. In addition to health and safety laws, minimum wage laws are also low. This is seen as a pro rather than a con as it ensures cheaper labor.Economic issues are also abundant in Pakistan. The weak currency is one example. The rupee is constantly dropping and so exchange rates will be high. However, due to Pakistans Islamic form of banking, there is no interest. This is a convincing quality of the location. Moreover, economic growth in Pakistan is very mediocre. Moving on, pork/ham is illegal in Pakistan. play makes up much of the Burger King menu and so they must be willing to modify the menu in order for optimal effectiveness. Also, the culture in Pakistan is highly patriarchal.Women are expected tostay home and cook. Families usually eat home cooked meals together, at home. This may be an issue as this can result in a smaller customer count. However, the Pakistani population is growing constantly and so there are many more children from newer generations. Teenagers are Burger Ki ngs most loyal customers. Furthermore, there is a sense of anti-Americanism in Pakistan. This brings up many red flags. Burger King is an American fast-food chain and so ostracize and/or vandalism must be taken into account when developing a contingency plan. This problem may not be such a big deal however. Pakistan is constantly modernizing.Views on the United States and American corporations are becoming more supportive and/or indifferent. Poverty may be the largest obstacle. Pakistan has an extremely high rate of illiteracy and poverty. This can negatively affect the franchise as many citizens will be incapable of affording fast-food. Contrastingly, Burger King can waiter fundraisers and/or other charity events to benefit the poor. This is one way in which they can bring up their reputation as a global brand. Lastly, the cost of packaging is high.ConclusionAccording to the SWOT analysis, the opportunities presented by this investment are far greater than the threats and the wea knesses. Furthermore, the payback period presented by this investment is relatively low and a franchise in Pakistan could majorly impact Burger Kings global sphere of influence. Opening a franchise in Pakistan will also add more assortment to their flavor and potentially better their reputation. Their balance sheets and income statements would not show significant changes and so they were not mentioned (because this would be 1 of 11,000 franchises).In my opinion, opening a Burger King franchise in Pakistan is a swell idea. The opportunities and strengths outweigh the negatives. The franchise should open after elections to lessen the risk of political unrest.

Human Cloning and the Future Essay

In his pop off from 2002 Religion and Human Cloning An Exploratory Analysis of the First Available Opinion Data, commode Evans proudly states a few possible benefits, or advantages, of merciful redress cloning. While talking about embryonic stem cells, he states these cells can eventually be used to treat diseases such as Alzheimers, Parkinsons, and kidney failure, to name and a few(748). These possibilities turn out mostly been confirmed since the publishing of Evans piece and early(a) more incredible possibilities have come about.The benefits of both reproductive and therapeutic cloning atomic number 18 polish offless, yet many still disagree. They say that cloning is knockout and that it would end human evolution and bring disaster to order as we know it (Mautner, 68). Do most people really think this is true? Or is modern society simply scared of the unknown and not ready for change? Many scientists and authors constantly debate the ethics and possibilities of human cloning, both for reproductive use and therapeutic use.A couple of possible risks would accompany the beginning of human cloning, however the benefits are legitimate, and we as a species should reconsider. It is common knowledge that generate and father love one another. And its the classic ideal for a family to begin, in the act of wedlock love through sexual reproduction. Alix Magney, in his work Cloning Me, Cloning You Reflections on the Ethics of Cloning for Individuals, Families and Society, argues that since human cloning would cause childbearing to lose its proper origins as an act of spousal love, it plainly poses a threat to the dignity and equality of women (25).I dont think this is true at all, as adopting a child has been in effect(p) for thousands of eld and in vitro fertilization was invented in 1978. In vitro fertilization is where an egg is fertilized by sperm outside the female body and then inserted into the uterus for sanies only once the egg is fertilized. Sperm donors have been used for decades, completely negating any spousal love from the equation that is reproduction. While people continue to entreat everywhere equality for women, which has been true since the ratification of the NineteenthAmendment to the Constitution in 1920, other people continue to debate greater concerns about cloning. I have always heard it said Youre special, or Just be yourself, and these are sayings of encouragement to develop your own identity, not to follow others when unnecessary, and to distribute for granted that everyone is different. Giovanni Berlucchi, in his work The Myth of the Clonable Human Brain, states that most human values are corollaries of the concept that each person is unique and identical to himself or herself through space and time. (160) and that this kind of genetic manipulation may interfere with psychological and biological diversity, and therefore with the distinctiveness and autonomy of the individual (160). I do think that the overuse of a single genetic identity for reproductive cloning would cause a disruption in the common value of individuality, but only in that physical aspect of things. The benefits of reproductive cloning and the possibilities of advancing the individual through therapeutic cloning could greatly outweigh any disruptions.Berlucchi continues, reputation has, of course, been producing genetically identical humans from time immemorial in trifling pairs of monozygotic twins, and even less frequently in batches of monozygotic triplets (160). Prenatal uterine environment differences, along with other environmental differences post-conception, can significantly affect the psychological outcome of the child and is a main reason for psychological differences amid monozygotic twins. The concept of environmental determinism dispels the myth that cloning humans would eliminate the core value of individuality.The controversy over abortion is one of the biggest issues for politicians and t he rest of society alike. The debate over whether or not an embryo is to be considered a human being with rights is a hot topic among the public and continues to be an master(prenominal) argument for almost everyone. In his aforementioned piece Religion and Human Cloning, John Evans says that the Roman Catholic Church has the most clear-cut commit against cloning, simply based on the status they give to a human embryo.They believe embryos are equivalent to fully grown humans Embryos are to be treated the same as born persons and therefore cannot be used as means toward an end. Most obviously, they cannot be destroyed to benefit others (748). The church likewise opposes cloning because it severs human reproduction from sexuality (748). If a couple is attempting to have a kid with each other, by any means, they are more than probably sexually active with one another, and therefore cloning doesnt remove the sexuality from the overall situation, even if it is not directly involved w ith the contraception.Also, new engineering science has been developed since the writing of this article, and it is now possible to extract stem cells from embryos without destroying the embryo. You can take a single stem cell, or blastomere, and coax it to become an unendingly proliferating stem cell. Although these cells cant form embryos, they can form major types of human tissue just as any embryonic stem cells do. So, therapeutic cloning is possible without the destruction of embryos. Other people fear the end of what Charles Darwin so valiantly discovered and explained to us all over 150 years ago human evolution.Michael Mautner, in his piece Will Cloning End Human Evolution? , argues that a aftermath of human cloning would be the end of human evolution. He states Cloning will, in contrast, reproduce the same genetic makeup of an existing individual. There is no room for new traits to arise The result Human evolution is halted (68). Only an insane situation where cloning wa s the only method for reproduction and the same genetic makeup was used over and over again would lead to the end of human evolution. This is an extreme situation and would almost definitely never happen.New science behind non-embryonic stem cell investigate has shown incredible potential for stem cells in general, as embryonic stem cells show significantly more potential than stem cells extracted from other parts of the human body, like the yellow bone marrow. Stem cells are beginning to be used to regrow hair, teeth and cartilage in damaged joints. Since the procedures and research are incredibly expensive, treatment is limited to those wealthy enough. Professional North-American athletes have led the way, being human guinea pigs for the non-invasive procedures in hopes of returning their bodies to their prime, pre-injury, form.Stem cell treatments are growing in popularity and legitimacy, and the use of embryonic stem cells shouldnt be limited as it can only advance our species. Scientific tests and studies have proven limitless benefits to stem cell transplants, yet ethical concerns and moral-based laws are constraining what could be groundbreaking and life-saving science. There is possible potential for embryonic stem cells to be grown into whole, functional, organs or entire limbs of the human body.The uses could range from a ounded amputee war veteran in need of a new leg, or an ancient woman in need of a new kidney as hers is failing, and the possibilities are endless. Human fear of the unknown is instinctual, but as the realm of the previously impossible comes more into the lights of reality, we need to change our minds on the practicality and usefulness of cloning and embryonic stem cells. For our ailing parents, for our children, and our childrens children, we need to advance as a society, and take hold of the opportunities and benefits sitting right in front of us.

Criminal Prosecution and Competencies

Through movies, we get the impression that police officers have all(a) the right to arrest someone and bring him to court. But the underlying fact in this is that there are some things that must be done forrader a trial sess be reached. For instance, an offender is arrested for committing a crime. There are steps in a criminal prosecution which leads to sentencing. During the arrest, the offender is handcuffed and taken to jail. The offender is then taken for booking wherein his photograph and fingerprints will be taken and he will be searched. A strip-search may be necessary at some point.Then, the police will ask about the offenders personal information such as name, address, date of fork out and social security number (Ameri apprise Hunt Saboteurs Association, n. d. ). The next step would be arraignment, which signals the court appearance for a felony or misdemeanor. During this process, the charges to be filed and the penalty applicable one time convicted, and the Constituti onal rights are recited to the defendant (Nichols, n. d. ). The offender also pleads guilty or not guilty during arraignment, after which the pretrial, readiness hearing and trial dates are set.If the offender does not plead guilty, the next step would be the pretrial hearing. This is the time for both parties to file pretrial motions or issues. Then there would be the discovery. arise refers to the information needed for the parties to prepare the case. The next step is motions, wherein both parties can present testimonies or arguments. The readiness hearing will follow. This hearing is mainly held to find out if both parties are ready to proceed (City of Oak, 2003). After these steps, the trial follows.For an offender who pleads not guilty, he will be tried and convicted by both a judge or a jury (American Hunt Saboteurs Association, n. d. ). The judge or the jury decides upon the verdict. This leads to the final step, which is the sentencing. In some areas in the United States , sentencing can be delivered in an expedite manner, or the defendant can return to be sentenced. Before a judge or a jury can put down a sentence, the judge must first hear the sides of the prosecution, victims or their representatives, the defendant and the defense attorney (City of Oak, 2003).Foundational and Decisional Competencies Foundational competencies, which are sometimes called Work bumptiousness Competencies, refer to competencies which serve as foundation for success whether in the oeuvre or school. Having foundational skills is very essential especially for workers to be able to learn tender industry-specific skills. Foundational competencies are considered fundamental in occupations and industries (State of Minnesota, 2009). Foundational competencies transcend many other forms of competencies, such as ethical competencies, personal effectiveness, work place competencies and so on.Individual and cultural sort and professional development are also classified as foun dational. Take academician competencies as example. The critical competencies that people have learned in an academic setting such as communication, reading and writing, and basic computer skills are necessary in order to succeed in ones chosen career. Academic competencies are the foundation for other competencies such as occupation and industry specific competencies. Decisional competencies, on the other hand, are categorized under workplace competencies. Possessing excellent decision-making skills is critical in both work place and school.Decisional competencies aid an individual in functioning in an organizational setting (Long Island University, n. d. ). Foundational and decisional competencies can be related in criminal cases, especially ones wherein the defendant suffers from a mental disorder. Foundational competencies can include the defendants basic knowledge of the charges and the adversary outline as a whole. They also include the ability to disclose relevant informat ion to counsel. Decisional competencies, on the other hand, would include ones ability to conceive legal alternatives and choose among these when necessary (Skeem, et.al, 2004). References American Hunt Saboteurs Association. (n. d. ). Arrest. Retrieved February 4, 2009, from http//www. huntsab. org/arrest. htm City of Oak. (2003). Steps in a criminal case. Retrieved February 4, 2009, from http//www. oakharbor. org/subcategory. cfm? id=12&sid=19 Long Island University. (n. d. ). The practitioner pupil model Program competencies, goals and objectives. Retrieved February 4, 2009, from http//www. cwpost. liu. edu/cwis/cwp/clas/psych/doctoral/forms/PractitionerScholarModel. pdf Nichols, W. P. (n. d. ). Steps in a criminal case.Office of Prosecuting Attorney. Retrieved February 4, 2009, from http//www. co. monroe. mi. us/Monroe/default. aspx? PageId=387 Skeem, J. , Golding, S.. L. & Emke-Francis,P. (2004). Assessing adjudicative competency Using legal and empirical principles to infor m practice. In Donohue, W. T. & Levensky, E. R. (Eds. ). Forensic psychology A handbook for mental health and legal professionals. New York Academic Press. State of Minnesota. (2009). Building blocks for competency models. Retrieved February 4, 2009, from http//www. careeronestop. org/CompetencyModel/pyramid_definition. aspx

Canadian cultural Essay

In her article I Am Half-Canadian, Pamela Swanigan seeks to define Canadian cultural identity by comparing and contrasting it to the often highly regarded identity attributed to Americans. Born in the USA to parents of mixed racial origin and later immigrating to Canada, Swanigan offers a unique view on umpteen of the common fallacies that come up when one envisions the culture of the United States.Contrary to the popular view, that depicts the United States as an all-welcoming melting pot of cultures and races, Swanigan contests instead that American culture is one of constricting self-definition and pigeonholing. She argues that American culture is incomplete blunt nor accepting of diversity, instead forcing people to strictly classify themselves into certain racial and linguistic categories- everyones forced to pick one definition and stick to it. Having personally experienced this phenomenon, as a adult female of mixed race working in a traditionally male field (sports writin g), Swanigan is extremely powerful in presenting her case, offering a number of examples as to how Americans are boxed in to certain classifications and cordial expectations. She further goes on to remark on the close-minded nature of such a view, which leads many Americans to be suspicious and vaguely threatening- a stance that directly contradicts the traditional view of the United States as an open and accepting country.Swanigan contrasts this with the relatively fluid and undistinguishable collective culture of Canada, where a lack of strict single definition leads to the misconception that Canadians have no culture at all. Instead the author seeks to dispel this myth by suggesting that this lack of identification is in fact the ideal that America claims to promote, which its neighbor to the north that has achieved.

The Same Sexe Mariage

The aim of this article is to have a big exhibit of the debating on the same sex marriage and the adoption of children by same sex-couples. In fact, this question makes a real society debate in France. Nowadays, many people rec whole that the same- sex marriage is a good evolution of mentalities, and a big step in the French culture. Indeed, the marriage for everyone is an achievement to equating and human safes. We emphasize that the marriage can non be denied for two people who love each other. It should therefore not forget that marriage is merely a contract established by two people.And the situation in which the government is paradoxical because we should not forget that marriage for all concerns only a few molarity people in France. It is a minority. The fact that a family will be unbalanced if there be two fathers or two mothers is really unfounded. Because in some situations, two fathers or two mothers stovepipe educate children than a classic couple. And it is quite p ossible that two gay parents are divided the roles in the education of a child. Finally on this point, if this problem is a religious problem. It must not be forgotten that the state is completely independent of the church.So It has nothing to say about what the state should do. To conclude, I think marriage for all Is a good thing because It shows that the society is able to evolve In the right direction. And this would Increase the gap between church and state, which would be beneficial for everyone. Because the church can get ideas to those who imagine In It. But shall In no case be put his own choice sooner everyone. Because for most people, the choices that the church Is Just incomprehensible. By cons, It must be noted that the case of adoption for all Is still a thing that will take time to be accepted, because It creates more problems.

Mobile Query and Processing in Mobile Database Environment

MOBILE QUERY AND PROCESSING IN MOBILE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT Agustinus Borgy Waluyo1 1 Bala Srinivasan1 David Taniar2 educate of Computer Science and Softwargon Engineering, Monash University, Australia Agustinus. Borgy. Waluyo, Bala. Srinivasaninfotech. monash. edu. au. 2 School of Business Systems, Monash University, Australia David. emailprotected monash. edu. au Abstract meandering(a) informationbase is a cutting linguistic context of entropybase application in radio surround. It introduces unique subject of queries, and research- offseting strategies that be different to traditionalistic selective informationbases.We fellowshipify unsettled database c e precise last(predicate) into question into ii categories, especially context- sensitiveness interview and adhoc enquiry. Context-awargonness oppugn is tho classified into muddle dependent, context dependent, and hybrid wonder. As for the call into question touch on, we define three strategies to wit liquid client, on air, and waiter strategy. expeditious client and on air strategy relates to caching strategy and broadcast strategy respectively. Finally, we include some(prenominal) challenges in busy databases. 1. Introduction new-fangled advances in wireless technology have led to mobile figuring, a sensitive dimension in data communication and impact. Many predict a modern emerging, gigantic market with millions of mobile users carrying small, battery-powered bourninal equipped with wireless connection 1,2,10. The mobile moderateness environment departs database applications with useful aspects of wireless technology, which is known as mobile databases. This advance technology has created a spic-and-span age of nomadic database users. Basically, these users are simply feelering a database through a profit.However, the network is now use in wireless environment, and has several novel properties, which include users placements are constantly changing, the likelines s of losing connections is much greater than in a traditional network, and asymmetric communication environment in which the wireless bandwidth for uplink communication is littler than downlink communication 11. In general, mobile user communicates with a diligent Base broadcast (MBS) to carry out any activities such as transaction and information retrieval.MBS has a wireless port to establish communication with mobile client and it serves a large number of mobile users in a specific region called cell. In mobile environment architecture, to each nonpareil MBS is connected to a fixed network as illustrated in consider 1(a). nimble units or mobile clients in each cell rear end connect to the fixed network via wireless radio, wireless Local Area Network (LAN), wireless cellular, or satellite. Each of the wireless networks provides a different bandwidth capacity.However, the wireless bandwidth is too small as compared to the fixed network such as ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) lay round provide speed up to 155Mbps 7. 55 radio set Network wide awake Base Station Mobile Base Station radio set Network higher(prenominal) speed Wired Network Fixed Host Fixed Host Crossing Crossing Mobile Client dubiousness enquiry Processing Strategy data Repository Query Result 2 Mobile Base Station Mobile Base Station Query Taxonomy = Mobile Client = tuner Network 1 (a) Mobile milieu Architecture (b) Query Application in Mobile Environment Figure 1.Mobile Environment Architecture and Query Processing Figure 1(b) depicts the interview processing in mobile databases. Mobile client initiates a query, and retrieve the data from data repository. The data repository is for sale in the fixed network. The query is transmitted through wireless channel, and the resolve is obtained using certain query processing strategies. As locoweed be sympathisen in Figure 1b, a sign of number 1, and 2, which is link up in query taxonomy, and query processing strategy respectively, correspond to the main content of this penning.Driven by differences between wired and wireless environment results in differences of casing of queries, query processing mechanisms as wellhead as communication technology. It is the aim of this paper to provide comprehensive query taxonomy, and processing strategy in mobile databases. Figure 2 shows a detailed structure of this paper. Subsequent sections in this paper are organized as follows. Section 2 describes query taxonomy in mobile databases. Section 3 obligates the query processing strategies, and section 4 discusses some challenges in mobile databases. Finally, section 5 concludes the paper.In this paper, the term mobile client, mobile device, mobile user, user and client are used interchangeably fixture D ependent Q ueries C ontext Aw areness Taxonomy C ontext D ependent Q ueries Hybrid Q ueries A d Hoc Q ueries M obile Q uery and Processing M obile C lient Processing Strategy O n Air waiter Figure 2. Structure of Pap er 56 2. Query Taxonomy In this section, we classify type of queries in mobile databases. The queries can be entirely clean and specifically applied in the wireless environment, while the other can be a greenness type of query in traditional databases. 2. Context Awareness The word context implies a florilegium of aspects. 14 defines the word context into three categories namely cypher context, user context, and physical context. Computing context relates to computing resources such as network connectivity, bandwidth, printer, and workstations. User context associates with users needs, preferences, roles, profile, and alike. Physical context impresss environment issue, which include lighting, noise, merchandise, temperature, and humidity. 5 adds some other category of context called time context, which refers to time of a day, week, month, year, etcetera 6 defines context as either the aspect of physical world or condition and activities in the virtual world. It is advertiz e described that context information can either be transient when the context associates with the environment at a peak of time or persistent when the context involves a history of transient context. In simple words, we can always define that context relates to who, when, where, and what. Context ken creates a new class of applications in mobile computing. With context awareness, mobile device is expected to adapt constantly in a wide range of dynamically and continually changing functions.It is important for the device to be able to aware of the situation, environment, and tasks that the mobile client is performing as well as will be performing in the near future. The utilisation of context information in an application minimises the amount of user involvement in a service by providing related information. Having known the context of the query modifys the device to pre-fetch all data that is highly related and likely to be queried in the near future. With this query, client onl y initiates a ace require and all related data will be retrieved implicitly.This technique avoids client to have duple request that result in energy efficiency. Example To find restaurants information in current region. The query will result of retrieving restaurants based on users preferences such as Italian, Chinese or fast food as well as pre-fetching maps, traffic and weather condition, which is likely to be queried next. roughly applications have been focusing on location awareness rather than context awareness as a whole. Thus, we classify mobile database queries into location dependent queries, context dependent queries, and the combination thereof. 2. 1. Location Dependent Queries Location dependent query is a class of queries that are motivated by mobile clients. In this type of query, the location of the mobile client is a parameter of the query. The value of the location parameter can be provided by the client or a global positioning system (GPS). An example of this q uery is a travelers information system that provides information on hotels, restaurant, bars and the like, to motorists. Processing of queries must be based on knowledge of the users location. For queries services that are ahead of the current route, perpetration of motion and speed are necessary to be taken into account.Recent technology provides a new feature in automobiles, which offers 57 navigational aids as a built-in feature. In general, each location updates generate two direct costs, particularly transmission cost, which refers to the cost to inform the innkeeper of the new location, and emcee processing cost, which corresponds to the cost of updating the system containing the location of the mobile unit. The location parameter can be in any objects, such as taxis, trucks, and helicopters. This class of query can be further classified into two categories (i) Continuous query, and (ii) On-demand query.Continuous query The continuous type of query includes rattling-time supervise of mobile objects. This is different compared with conventional queries, which are based on an instant of the database at some aftermath in time. Real-time monitoring queries are continuous for monitoring purposes 3, 13. Examples (i) To request information about near tourist attractions, hotels, or shopping nubble while traveling. With this type of query, users only need to send a query once and nonification of the updated information about nearby tourist attractions, hotels, or shopping center will be sent automatically as they move to different regions. ii) This query also helps tourists whenever they are close to a certain situation such as dangerous zone or traffic jam by providing some alerts to mobile user. Figure 3 shows an illustration of real-time query monitoring. In this application, the system must be able to provide the accurate query results and update them in real time whenever some mobile clients enters or exits the region defined by the query. This cl ass of query can be referred as range-monitoring queries. The range-monitoring queries are removed from the system only when the user explicitly ends the query.Server stop Query Query i Response i New parting Updated answer i voice 1 Mobile Client 1 Moves to Region 2 Mobile Client 1 Figure 3. Continuous Query On demand query The on demand location dependent query is different from continuous query in a way that its database management does not manage the query but only the location of each mobile units in specified regions. Figure 4 illustrates on demand query. Every mobile unit is registered under one location legion that manages the user profiles and is called the position location server.Location information of mobile clients can be stored at predefined sites like the users home location server in a network. Consequently, the search space for a users location can be reduced. However, when a mobile user crosses any boundaries of a cell, the information at the predefined site has to be updated accordingly. This type of query does not have to specify when to end the query since the server does not keep the query but the location 12. Examples To retrieve nearby hospital, police station or petrol station in the area. 58 Server Q uery i R esponse i Q uery j R esponse j Region 1 M obile C lien t 1M oves to Region 2 M obile C lien t 1 Figure 4. On Demand Query When the parameter is an object, and mobile client requests an object that satisfies location criteria, then the situation becomes different. Figure 5 illustrates on demand query with location object parameter 8,15. Examples (i) Taxi operator wants to see how many allow taxis are soon in a certain region. They can find free taxis and allocate them to another region that require more taxis or send them directly to the nearby customer. (ii) Tourists who come to the country, where there are no designated bus stops, nor timetable.They can utilize mobile device to retrieve incoming buses at heart a pre-d efined time. Server Object Query Object Result Location Tracking Location Info Mobile Client Object Figure 5. On Demand Query with Location Object Parameter 2. 1. 2 Context Dependent Queries This type of query requires maintenance of an internal representation of users needs, preferences, roles, profile, etc. With these parameters, application will be able to decide the situation and task that a user is currently performing, and adapt to change of user needs and roles.This enables mobile device not to just retrieve the involve information but also some other information that is highly pertinent 6,8. Examples (i) Tourist wants to see list of restaurants in a town. Rather than retrieving the entire list of restaurants, the query retrieves the restaurants based on users preferences and need such as cuisine preference, price, occasion, etc. (ii) A business person wants to take hold the closest meeting schedule. The query retrieves the time as well as previous history of the meeting, pack involved, client accounts, meal preferences, required data, etc. 9 2. 1. 3 Hybrid Queries Hybrid queries represent a combination of location dependent and context dependent queries. This type of query requires the system to maintain all parameters of context-awareness queries including location parameter. Examples (i) A Traveler wants to find restaurants in the region that he/she will enjoy and within 10 minutes of current travel distance, (ii) A teenager wants to check movies in the nearby cinemas that he/she will like, and the show time can be met while considering current travel distance.These queries are very useful for nomadic users since it not only considers the users preferences and needs but also the location of the user. More advanced(a) application utilizes a variety of sensors to monitor the environment as well as users action in parliamentary law to provide assistance of the tasks being performed by the user. This application requires the ability to process data streams in real-time, analyze and interpret it precisely. The main point in context awareness query is to accurately analyze the environment and users intention, regardless of where the context information is obtained from.It is a serious challenge since there is a possibility of conflicting data, and the need to have efficient processing to provide a useful application to the user. 2. 2 Ad Hoc Queries Ad Hoc queries are commonly utilised queries in traditional DBMS. This type of query explicitly mentions the required information in the query statement, and does not involve any context awareness information. Thus, the query result is only based on the actual query itself. Examples (i) University student wants to retrieve his/her academic record or personal details. ii) Travelling sales person inquires about product approachability, price, etc. 3. Query Processing Strategy We divide query-processing strategy for mobile databases into three parts, namely (i) mobile/client strategy, (ii) on-air strategy and, (iii) server strategy. Mobile/clients strategy relates to how client manipulates and maintains the data in its collect efficiently and effectively. On-air strategy corresponds to data broadcasting strategies. With this strategy, the number of mobile users does not affect the query performance.Server strategy relates to designing techniques for the server to accommodate multiple requests so that the request can be elegant as efficiently as possible. We claim that query processing for mobile databases is very much refer around the issues of caching, broadcasting, and programing. Figure 6 shows the architecture of query processing in mobile databases. 60 C Strategies lient OA n ir Strategies Server Strategies Figure 6. Query Processing in Mobile databases 3. 1 Mobile Client Strategy Mobile clients strategy defines a number of strategies to maintain amassd data items in clients local storage.As stated earlier, wireless communication channel in general suf fers to narrow down bandwidth while it is also inherently asymmetric communication, in which the downstream communication bandwidth from a server to the mobile client is much larger than the upstream communication bandwidth from clients back to server. Due to the above reason, caching of oft accessed data items in a clients local storage becomes important for enhancing the performance and data availability of data access queries. Another advantage of caching is the ability to handle fault tolerance.This is related to the characteristics of mobile computing in which each mobile client connects or disconnects from the network frequently. In some situation, the MBS may not be accessible due to problem like signal distortion. However, a query can politic be partially processed from caches and at least some of the query results can be returned to the user 9. Three main issues characterize a caching mechanism. These issues include caching granularity, caching coherence strategy, and ca ching replacement policy.Caching granularity relates to determining a physical form of cached data items. Caching coherence strategy or repeal strategy involves cache invalidation and update schemes to invalidate and update an out-dated cached item 4. Caching replacement policy is needed to retain the frequently accessed database items in a clients local storage. The more effective a caching replacement policy in keeping the frequently accessed items, the better a query will perform and the more queries could be served during disconnect situation. 3. On Air Strategy In this scheme, the server periodically broadcasts the frequently accessed data items to clients through one or more broadcast channels, but the clients may not cache the data item of interest. This situation might occur when the client does not have enough memory or space to cache the required data. The behavior of this channel is unidirectional which means the server disseminates a set of data periodically, via this type of channel to a multiple number of users. A complete broadcast file is referred as a broadcast cycle.In this scheme, the client needs to listen to channel and filter the required data all over the channel, which is also generally known as push-mechanism. Figure 7 shows on air query processing. 61 The advantage of broadcasting channel is its scalability. The number of users in the cell and the request rate do not affect the performance of the server. Thus, the utilization of bandwidth is better and the server workload is lower as compared with point to point/on-demand communication. Consequently, the power utilization of the client to retrieve information is also improved.However, it is very important to have swell strategies to maintain the overall response time of the client to obtain information from the channel or else the advantages of data broadcast will be skeletal. B ro ad cast C h an n el = listen in g to th e chan n el = retriev in g th e d esired data M o bile C li e nt Figure 7. On Air Query Processing 3. 3 Server Strategy This strategy considers the problem of pull-based broadcast plan where mobile clients send queries to the server through dedicated or point-to-point channel, server process the query, and send the result back to the client.The strategy concerns with broadcast and disk scheduling. Broadcast scheduling is to determine how queries to be served efficiently in the server considering a number of factors such as the length of the query, the wait time and the popularity of the items. Data scheduling is related to how data is placed on the disk that improves the query response time. The possibility of combining these two methods for query processing strategy is an interesting issue to be explored. B road cast server C ach e S erver D isk S erver T r a n sm itte r S erver Figure 8. Broadcast Server ArchitectureA database server is able to arouse the data retrieval performance by incorporating its own main memory and cache to store those database items frequently accessed by most mobile clients. Figure 62 8 shows architecture of broadcast server. A query can be processed either in the disk server or cache server. If the relevant data items have been retrieved earlier then the query is processed in the cache server. After processing a query, the results are transmitted to the transmitter queue, which subsequently send the data items through the wireless channel. 4. Challenges in Mobile DatabasesThis section discusses some challenges in mobile database environment. The general concept that has been outlined in this paper contains an enormous issue to investigate. However, due to the limitation of page, only a few numbers can be mentioned. Location management is an important issue in mobile database research. Since the number of user population carrying mobile devices increases linearly with the service demand, the communication traffic for locating users also increases accordingly. This situation requires an eff icient strategy for location tracking and management.Location management is a very essential factor in providing context awareness services. Context security introduces a new issue to be considered. Since context information may contain a very confidential and private data. It is necessary to ensure privacy issue protection for each user in a network. Caching management strategy, which includes caching granularity, caching coherent issue, and caching replacement strategy, requires a thorough investigation. A effective caching management strategy is able to analyse, predict, and adapt to changing of users context in order to assist user in performing tasks.As for processing issue, data caching in mobile databases enable clients to obtain a high computing speed as server, by involving a much smaller data items volume. The asymmetric communication in mobile environment has made it a better reason to employ caching strategy. Broadcast scheduling is another issue to investigate. Genera lly, the more number of data to be broadcast, the more requests will be served from the data broadcast and this will reduce the chance of mobile clients to send the request to the server. However, at a certain point the advantage of the broadcast data will be diminished if there is too many data in the roadcast cycle. Consequently, it will severely affect the query response time since mobile users have to wait for considerably long delay before they receive the desired data. Therefore, it is essential to decide what data to be broadcast that serves most of the requests since the query access pattern is changed dynamically. 5. Conclusions Recent emergence of wireless technology enables people to conduct activities, business, or transactions anywhere and anytime without any accompaniment to stationary computer like used to be.Nomadic people are now able to access email, news, weather, and query to the central database server using wireless devices. Mobile database focuses on the que ry issue that is the sovereign operation in mobile computing. Since mobile database is a new dimension of database application, the type of query, query processing strategy, and communication technology that involves in the application are different than what applies in traditional databases. We have defined query taxonomy as well as query processing strategy in mobile databases.Query in mobile databases are categorized into context-awareness query and ad-hoc query. Context- 63 awareness query is further classified into location dependent, context dependent, and hybrid query. Query processing in mobile databases includes mobile client, on air, and server strategy. Mobile client and on air strategy corresponds to caching strategy and broadcast strategy respectively. Finally, we discuss a few challenges that open enormous opportunities for research in mobile databases. 6. References 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. ACHARYA S. , ALONSO R. , FRANKLIN M. AND ZDONIK S. Broadcast Disks Data Man agement for irregular Communication Environments, legal proceeding of ACM Sigmod, pp. 199-210, whitethorn, 1995. BARBARA D. , Mobile Computing and Databases-A Survey, IEEE TKDE, 11(1)108-117, January/February, 1999. CAI Y. AND HUA K. A. , An Adaptive Query Management Technique for real-time Monitoring of Spatial Regions in Mobile Database Systems, 21st IEEE IPCCC, pp. 259-266, 2002. CHAN B. Y. , SI A. and Leong H. V. , Cache Management for Mobile Databases creation and Evaluation, Proceedings of the International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE), pp. 4-63, 1998. CHEN G. AND KOTZ D. , A Survey of Context-Aware Mobile Computing Research, Technical Report TR2000381, Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, November, 2000. EBLING R. M. , HUNT H. D. G. AND LEI H. , Issues for Context Services for distributive Computing, Proceedings of Middleware01 Advanced Workshop on Middleware for Mobile Computing, Heidelberg, November, 2001. ELMASRI R. AND NAVATHE S. B. , Fundament als of Database Systems, 3rd Edition, Addison W. , U. S. A. , 2000. FRANKLIN J. M. , Challenges in Ubiquitous Data Management, Informatics, pp. 4-33, 2001. GODFREY P. AND GRYZ J. , Semantic Query Caching for Heterogeneous Databases, Proceedings of the 4th Knowledge Representation meets Databases Workshop (KRDB), pp. 61-66, April, 1997. 10. IMIELINSKI T. AND VISWANATHAN S. , Adaptive Wireless Information Systems, Proceedings of SIGDBS (Special Interest Group in Database Systems) Conference, pp. 19-41, October, 1994. 11. IMIELINSKI T. , VISWANATHAN S. AND BADRINATH B. R. , Data on Air Organisation and Access, IEEE TKDE, 19(3) 353-371, May/June, 1997. 12. KOTTKAMP H. -E. AND ZUKUNFT O. Location-Aware Query Processing in Mobile Database Systems, ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, pp. 416-423, February, 1998. 13. KUBACH U. AND ROTHERMEL K. , A Map-Based Hoarding Mechanism for Location-Dependent Information, Proceedings of Second Mobile Data Management (MDM), pp. 145-157, January, 2001. 14. SCHILIT B. , ADAMS N. AND WANT R. , Context-Aware Computing Applications, Proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications, pp. 85-90, December, 1994. 15. WOLFSON O. , ET AL, Databases for Tracking Mobile Units in Real Time, Proceedings of ICDT99, pp. 169186, 1998. 64

New Zealand’s Largest Ethical Dilemma Essay

Too much fun and not little financial obligation is the focus of the dilemma. vernal Zealand is the place where forty percent of the tourist go and participate some one of the most valiant and dangerous adventures that exist.Although danger come with everyday activities and the day to day life, such as driving in bad condition that is considered to secluden our lives into our own hands. When a person travels to an adventure park, and making the decision to engender a 134 meter leap off of a bridge, or take a driving force in a hot air balloon, maybe a little sky diving, they atomic number 18 assuming that the operators are operating in compliance with all codes, regulations, manual guidelines, and maybe a little common esthesis and less greed.You wont get that with this New Zealand Adventure company whose business has caused the death of l individuals in the last eight years as a answer of gross remissness. For fashion model, after supervisor has a debate with the owner regarding the weather conditions and the dangers that he fears should the scheduled hot air balloon ride take off holding eleven passengers including the pilot, the owner refuses to stay the scheduled flight of steps and forces the pilot to take off. Part of the reasoning is the thousands of dollars that would be loss should the ride not take place. afterward departing the ground in bad weather, the balloon was thrown into a power line and killed everyone. Another example is the place that had crashed killing all passengers of which the crash was inevitable considering the owner failed to keep in compliance with the flight manual, maintenance, and regulations.The saddening part is that on that point are several adventurist companies out there that should not be in operation. thus far no matter what the accident it, what injuries sustained including death, the cause of the accident, etc, according to the New Zealands No rupture Accident Liability System, no company is to be held or found liability for there actions. In lieu of thecompanies being held liability and accountable for their negligence the New Zealands justice systems believes that they constitute equaled it out by creating the accidental compensation law. This law states that no where or how the accident occurred, or what the injuries are and medical attention required that the victim shall receive full medical treatment at no costs. But thats it because the law states cannot sue for negligence or wrongful death.There is a serious dilemma here, and that it that the death toll will continue to rise as a result of gross negligence as long the companies are not held accountable for there stupidity.The long condemnation fight for a possible solution and the only solution to bring the focus of these negligent companies to the base hit and welfare of their customers is to overhaul the legal system to count for accountability and impose sanctions, negligence charges, and hold them to their liabilit y to protect and honor the safety of the customers they serve. Or take the position that after no many reports of negligence that the government regulations state that the business be immediately shut down, sanctions and fine payable to the medical parentage to cover the expenses as a result of negligence and that the owner and operator be prohibited from owning, having an interest, or operating in entities that involve high risk adventures.ReferenceAdrenaline Nation New Zealands Adventure Tourism. Retrieved from Adventurehttp//digital.films.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?aid=7967&xtid=53284